This is about decorative Banners. For functional enemy-dropped Banners, see Banners (enemy).
Banners are decorativefurniture items that can be placed on the underside of blocks. Many are found naturally-placed in various biomes. There are also four crafted Banners (red, green, blue, and yellow). Banners can be hung off of blocks and off of platforms which are in their bottom position (after being struck three times with a hammer).
Faction Flags are Banners found in Dungeons. In post-Plantera worlds, the Faction Flags found hanging in a particular Dungeon area correspond to the background wall type (brick, slab, or tile), both of which signify the types of enemies that will spawn there. See Dungeon for more info.
These are Banners found placed in the Dungeon. While these banners can be used to identify what types of Dungeon enemies will spawn nearby in Hardmode, they do not actually affect their spawning in any way.
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Floating Island
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Underworld
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Pyramid
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Dropped
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Trivia
Each banner may be placed in a right- or left-facing orientation, but this is decided by which tile column in the world the banner is placed in. Placing it one block to the left or right will flip the orientation.
The four craftable banners correspond to the team colors in multiplayer, except for purple team that was introduced after the four banners.
The Spike Ball only spawns in areas marked by the Marching Bones Banner.
The Gravity Banner seems to resemble the Gravitation Potion's buff icon.
The War Table Banner is the only one with 2x3 dimension instead of 1x3.